Masashi Kishimoto, the author of Naruto, is well-known for his ability to incorporate hidden references and mythological links into his work. While some of these references are more obvious, such as the Buddhist influences on Chakra and the Paths of Pain, others are more difficult to uncover. One example of a subtle yet significant reference is the Ino-Shika-Cho formation, which is a traditional team composed of members from the Yamanaka, Nara, and Akimichi Clans. Although the name of the formation appears to simply be a combination of the prefixes of each member's name, there is a deeper meaning behind it that is tied to the history, techniques, and abilities of all three clans.
Reference Behind Ino-Shika-Cho
The Ino-Shika-Cho name originates from a popular Japanese card game called Koi-Koi, which uses Hanafuda cards (smaller flower cards). In the game, Ino, Shika, and Cho make up the winning hand, similar to a 'full house' in Poker. This formation is reflected in the Yamanaka, Nara, and Akimichi Clans' traditional Ino-Shika-Cho formation, which has proven unbeatable against most opponents. Additionally, each prefix in the name translates to an animal in Japanese- boar, deer, and butterfly- which are reflected in the techniques and abilities of each clan.
Ino – Boar
The meaning behind Ino's name remains elusive, as her techniques do not represent boars or pigs. However, when considering the Yamanka Clan's name, which means "among the mountains," the connection becomes clearer. Wild boars are often associated with Japan's mountains and are sometimes referred to as "whales of the mountains" due to their large meat yield. Ino's family runs a flower shop, which may be a nod to the Hanafuda flower cards. Additionally, Sakura insults Ino by referring to her as "Ino-pig," drawing on the boar reference in her name.
Shika – Deer
The Nara Clan's affiliation with deers is apparent in the series, with the clan being responsible for the care of deers in the Hidden Leaf Village due to their special connection with them. Additionally, the Nara Clan is based in the city of Nara, Japan, which was the country's capital during the eighth century and is famous for its high population of deers that coexist with the locals. Although Shikamaru's abilities do not directly reference deers, his personality shares similarities with the animal as he is quick-witted and perceptive, reflecting the deer-like qualities.
Cho – Butterfly
The butterfly motif is evident in both Choji's abilities and personality, as "Cho" means butterfly in Japanese. After consuming the third pill during his fight against Jirobo, Choji grew chakra wings resembling those of a butterfly. The Akimichi Clan's Butterfly Mode also showcases butterfly wings and is activated through the consumption of the Three-Coloured Pills or Calorie Control. Choji's father also makes references to butterflies, encouraging Choji to break out of his cocoon to become stronger. The Akimichi Clan's connection to butterflies is further emphasized through these references and symbolic links. Additionally, Choji's love for sweets and food mirrors the butterfly's affinity towards sweets, and the clan's name "Akimichi" refers to the autumn season when food vendors line the streets.
