The Untold Secrets of Dorne: How Did It Maintain Its Independence in Game of Thrones?

Westeros, the sprawling fantasy setting, stands out for its richly detailed and diverse landscapes, covering about seven million square miles. Each of its seven kingdoms holds their own unique histories, influences, and narratives. From icy tundras to scorching desert sands, the continent offers a captivating variety. While Dorne, the last realm to join the Game of Thrones, boasts an independent spirit that surpasses the rest.

The focus of Game of Thrones typically lies with the elite ranks of Westeros's society. However, both the books and the initial seasons of the HBO series take the time to illuminate the everyday lives of the common people. One of the most captivating aspects of the narrative centers on the experiences of ordinary citizens within a kingdom like Dorne.

Where is Dorne?

Dorne is located in the southernmost region of Westeros. It encompasses a significant portion of the lower eighth of the continent, with some space remaining towards the west. To the north, Dorne is bordered by the Sea of Dorne, which separates it from the Stormlands. Despite being surrounded by water on three sides, Dorne's ports are notably inferior to those of nearly every other kingdom. The coastline is rugged, adorned with cliffs along its shores. The Red Mountains act as a protective barrier along Dorne's northwestern border, offering limited natural access points. Dorne has a relatively smaller population compared to the other kingdoms. The majority of its inhabitants reside along the coasts or near the Greenblood River. Encompassing the area between the end of the Greenblood and the beginning of the Red Mountains, Central Dorne is an inhospitable desert. The region is largely hostile due to the scorching heat and scarcity of water. Dorne is recognized as the sole desert in Westeros, but it also holds the distinction of exporting certain goods that cannot be found elsewhere. Dorne is renowned for its production of citrus fruits and spices.

Who are the rulers of Dorne?

Dorne, believed to be the initial settlement of the First Men in Westeros, was plagued by internal conflicts for centuries. Amidst this turmoil, a formidable warrior princess named Nymeria arrived in Dorne from the ancient continent of Essos, commanding a fleet of 10,000 ships. While the Dornish ruling families spurned Nymeria's arrival, there was one exception - Mors Martell. Enamored by her upon their first encounter, Mors Martell wed Nymeria, forming a powerful alliance that swiftly subjugated their rivals. For generations, Mors and Nymeria's union ensured House Martell's dominion over Dorne, although their reign eventually came to an end.

The depiction of House Martell in the HBO show diverges from that in the books. In both versions, Oberyn Martell, Prince Doran's brother, is killed by Gregor Clegane while defending Tyrion Lannister in a trial by combat. However, the show emphasizes the impact of his death more significantly. Oberyn fathered eight illegitimate daughters and together with his romantic partner, they formed a formidable army known as the Sand Snakes. Tragically, his partner, Ellaria, poisons Doran, his young ward, and his son, leaving the Martells without a clear claim to the throne. Ellaria and the Sand Snakes then seize power and pledge their allegiance to Daenerys's army. Eventually, Cersei Lannister imprisons Ellaria, leading an unnamed member of House Martell to reclaim the throne.

How did Dorne maintain its independence?

Despite his multiple attempts, King Aegon I Targaryen could never conquer Dorne, as the kingdom proved impervious to his invasions. One of the key factors contributing to Dorne's resilience is its strategic isolation. The Red Mountains created a natural bottleneck that posed a daunting challenge to any invading army. Moreover, Dorne's inhospitable shores made naval assaults nearly impossible. To further frustrate Aegon's efforts, the Dornish forces employed relentless guerrilla tactics, inflicting significant damage to his supply lines. Ultimately, faced with the impossibility of victory, Aegon was compelled to retreat from Dorne.

After Aegon's failed attack over 150 years ago, a semi-successful attack led by Daegon I Targaryen took place. Although Dorne was defeated on the battlefield, they quickly rebelled by adopting similar tactics that had defeated Aegon and assassinated the steward overseeing the region. Despite Daegon's efforts to suppress the resistance, he was killed in battle. House Martell took four years to reclaim control over Dorne, the only region in Westeros that never fully succumbed to Targaryen rule. Eventually, Dorne formed a relationship with the Targaryens when Elia Martell married Rhaegar Targaryen decades later. Unfortunately, during Robert Baratheon's rebellion, Rhaegar and Elia were brutally killed. As a result of this disastrous venture into international politics, the Dornish chose to isolate themselves for the foreseeable future.

In the Game of Thrones, Dorne stands out as one of the most intriguing kingdoms. While it may not receive as much attention as the North or King's Landing, Dorne intentionally keeps itself away from the major events of the franchise. With a humble origin and centuries of unparalleled independence, Dorne deserves recognition as a noteworthy kingdom. Its challenging geography, strategic brilliance, and social liberties allowed Dorne to remain unbowed and unbroken amidst the other kingdoms of Westeros.