Exploring Konya: Unveiling Turkey's Rich Heritage of Whirling Dervishes

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When it comes to must-visit places in Turkey, some popular destinations immediately come to mind - Istanbul, the beautiful Turquoise Coast towns such as Bodrum, and the unique landscapes of Cappadocia.

For some travelers, the top destination is a lesser-known city called Konya in central Turkey. This charming place attracts millions of visitors annually with its bustling bazaar, historic landmarks, and a modern tram network that connects suburbs to the city center.

Konya is not only a city in Turkey but also a significant Islamic pilgrimage destination. It is most famous for being the burial site of the 13th-century Sufi mystic and poet Celaleddin Rumi, also known as Mevlâna. Rumi, in addition to his poetry, was a respected Islamic scholar who founded the Mevlevi Order of the Whirling Dervishes.

The dervishes, known for their spinning dances that gracefully move across the floor while their elegant robes kick out, are still very active. You can find them in different places in Turkey, but Konya is where they are most prominent.

Their captivating “Sema” ceremonies, some of which are open to everyone, are a must-see in Konya. But there are many other reasons for both Muslims and non-Muslims to visit the city.

"There is a strong connection between Konya and His Holiness Maulana," shares Kerem Polat, a 30-year-old whirling dervish from Konya. He learned the traditional dances from his grandfather and started performing at the young age of nine.

Serefiye Cistern, old Byzantine cistern built during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II, in the years 440-450 AD. Recently restored cistern offers views of multiple white marble columns and brick arches. Columns reinforced with steel clamps.

Serefiye Cistern is an ancient Byzantine cistern that was constructed between 440-450 AD during the rule of Emperor Theodosius II. The cistern has been restored and now showcases numerous white marble columns and brick arches, with the columns being reinforced with steel clamps.

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A place of pilgrimage

Whirling dervishes regularly perform "Sema" rituals in Konya.

Whirling dervishes regularly perform "Sema" rituals in Konya.

Adem Altan/AFP/Getty Images

Polat points out that Konya had already established itself as a significant center long before Rumi arrived. The city has a long history, having been under the control of various civilizations such as the Hittites, Greeks, Romans, and Persians. In the 11th century, it became the capital of the Sultanate of Rum.

Rumi, who was born in Balkh (now part of Afghanistan), is believed to have moved to Konya with his family. According to Polat, Konya was evolving into a center for Islamic scholars and a place of great religious importance.

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He tells CNN that Konya is considered a blessed sanctuary, similar to Mecca and Medina. He believes that Rumi's presence in Konya was not by chance, but rather a calling that guided him there.

After completing his religious studies in Konya, Rumi started to influence other scholars who came to the city. His teachings quickly gained popularity, attracting people from distant places.

Thousands of people traveled in large groups from non-Muslim territories, such as the land of the Romans, to meet Maulana and convert to Islam before going back home. For the past 700 years, Konya has been a destination for religious pilgrimages.

Today, both non-Muslim and Muslim visitors still come to the city. Must-visit attractions include the Mevlana Museum, the Mevlana Cultural Center - where Sema rituals are performed daily, and the stunning Alâeddin Mosque.

Abdullah Çetin, a photographer from Konya, believes that the city's rich history is what makes it stand out. He mentions that Konya has significant historical sites that showcase the journey of civilization in Anatolia.

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Secret tunnel

The neolithic site of Çatalhöyük, southeast of Konya,

Çatalhöyük, located southeast of Konya, is a neolithic settlement that was discovered by archaeologists. It provides a captivating glimpse into the daily lives of people who lived there 9,000 years ago.

Located near Konya's center, the village of Sille has a history that dates back 5,000 years. In the last century, it was inhabited by Greek speakers, who lived in harmony with the Turkish community, thanks to Rumi's teachings of tolerance.

Further northwest of Konya is Gevale Castle, an ancient mountaintop structure that predates Roman times. Recent discoveries, including a secret tunnel believed to have been built by the Hittites 4,000 years ago, continue to fascinate archaeologists.

Konya is known as one of Turkey's most religiously conservative cities, but according to Çetin, it is actually a laid-back place, in part due to Rumi's influence.

"It's a calm and secure city, where neighbors, friends, and people have friendly relationships," he explains. "The residents still value Mevlana's message of mutual tolerance."

Whirling dervish Polat agrees, saying thanks to connections to Rumi, Konya “has earned the title of the city of love.”

Pokut Plateau Rize Camlihemsin,Pokut plateau in the Black Sea and Turkey. Rize, Turkey.

Photosensia/iStockphoto/Getty Images

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Pink lake

Flamingos are regular visitors to Lake Tuz, near Konya.

Murat Oner Tas/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Konya serves as a starting point for exploring Lake Tuz, a large hypersaline lake located about two hours’ drive northeast of the city. Popularly known as Salt Lake, Tuz is renowned for its diverse wildlife and occasional pinkish hues in its waters, making it a sought-after spot for Instagram users.

One of the local wildlife photographers, Fahri Tunç, who has a deep connection to Tuz from his upbringing in the area, has dedicated numerous hours capturing the wildlife of the lake. He is actively involved in raising awareness and advocating for improved environmental protection measures to safeguard threatened species like flamingoes.

Tunç describes the breathtaking scenes at Lake Tuz, especially during sunset, created by the birds gathering there, which can touch the hearts of any visitors.

He often asks people about their feelings towards Lake Tuz by comparing it to falling in love. If they haven't been to Lake Tuz before, he suggests that they may not have truly experienced love, as experiencing such places is essential in order to truly understand.

Tunç has traveled to 34 countries taking photos of birds and exploring as a tourist. Despite his extensive travels, he still finds the visual beauty of his lake home to be captivating.

He enthusiastically invites others to come and see it for themselves, sharing, "At night, when I come here and gaze at the water, it's like looking into a mirror. The sky and water reflect each other perfectly. It's like a photograph in my mind, and I can't help but wonder, 'How is this even possible?'"

Editor's P/S:

Konya, a lesser-known gem in Turkey, offers a unique blend of cultural and historical significance. As a pilgrimage destination for Muslims and a hub for the Mevlevi Order of Whirling Dervishes, it boasts a rich religious heritage that manifests in captivating "Sema" ceremonies. The city's ancient landmarks, such as the Mevlana Museum and the Alâeddin Mosque, attract visitors seeking spiritual enlightenment and architectural wonders.

Beyond its religious significance, Konya is a treasure trove of historical sites that span various civilizations. The neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük, the ancient mountaintop castle of Gevale, and the historic village of Sille showcase the region's rich past. Konya's modern amenities, such as a bustling bazaar and a tram network, provide a seamless blend of tradition and modernity. It's a city where the teachings of Rumi, emphasizing tolerance and love, have shaped a laid-back and welcoming atmosphere, making it a must-visit destination for both religious pilgrims and cultural explorers.